FREE ESSAY ON ABOLITION

ABOLITION

A Stronger Resistance
The abolitionist movement in the United States sought to eradicate slavery using a wide
range of tactics and organizations. The antislavery movement mobilized many African
Americans and some whites who sought to end the institution of slavery. Although both
black and white abolitionists often worked together, the relationship between them was
intricate. The struggle for black abolitionists was much more personal because they
wanted to end slavery and also wanted to gain equal rights for blacks. However, many
white abolitionists only sought to end slavery and did not fight for equality for blacks.
From these exceedingly contrasting perspectives and the continuation of slavery, the
sentiment of many abolitionists became more militant and radical; some abolitionists
began to use more violent methods of resistance to abolish slavery.
Before the 1830s most antislavery activists stressed gradual emancipation. These feelings
were expressed mainly by Southern whites, some possessing a fear of free blacks not being
ready for freedom and others holding beliefs that slavery would gradually disappear
(Notes, 10/18/00). Generally, only black abolitionists demanded an immediate end to
slavery. This difference in opinion contributed to some blacks taking more violent
measures to gain freedom and equality. Further contributing to the more aggressive
tactics were the goals of the white abolitionists. Many white abolitionists were not able
to accept blacks as their equals and did not fight for black equality, which led to
increased tension between blacks and whites.
More militant tactics, such as uprising and revolts, were gaining support in the
nineteenth century. Nat Turner was a black abolitionist that supported the use of
aggressive and forceful tactics. In 1831, in Virginia, he led an insurrection and more
than 55 white people were killed. It was very bloody and violent and angered many whites
from its brutality (Nash, 275). Yet, many blacks felt that the only thing that would get
a response was an uprising and taking drastic measures. 
In Christiana, Pennsylvania, the Fugitive Slave Laws were passed. These laws stated that
whites could recapture their runaway slaves. Blacks were outraged by the passing of these
laws and rioted in response to this (Roots of Resistance). This demonstrated how blacks
would react in manners that were more forceful and these tactics were used by a number of
other abolitionists, however, many still used different approaches to battling slavery. 
Many abolitionists used writing to end slavery. In 1827, the first black newspaper,
Freedom's Journal, was created by Samuel Cornish and John Russwurm (Notes, 11/29/00).
This paper spread ideas of freedom and equality and gave hope to the black readers. David
Walker, the son of a free black mother and a slave father, pushed the abolitionist
movement into militancy in 1829 when he published David Walker's Appeal. His work
inspired blacks to organize and urged slaves to rise up against their masters and take
their freedom by force (Notes, 11/27/00). 
Even with tensions high, some abolitionists still advocated a non-violent approach.
William Lloyd Garrison, a white abolitionist, published The Liberator in 1831 in Boston.
This was a radical anti-slavery newspaper that was successful from the tremendous black
support. Garrison favored a non-violent approach that advocated the immediate
emancipation of slaves and equality for all blacks (Notes, 11/27/00). 
Along with newspapers, several organizations were created in response to the injustices.
Garrison helped to form the American Anti-Slavery Society along with Arthur and Lewis
Tappan. This organization wanted an immediate end to slavery and equality for all blacks
in American society. It distributed over one million pamphlets dealing with anti-slavery
and was able to organize men, women and children. The society grew and by 1840, it had
200,000 members (Notes, 11/27/00). 
Most blacks remained loyal to Garrison, although in the 1840s many blacks became more
independent. They were more critical of white abolitionist and their racism and
prejudice. Blacks recognized that many white abolitionists were against slavery but not
for equal rights because they still possessed racist views. In the 1840s, a new group of
black leaders emerges, the radical fugitive slaves (Notes, 11/29/00). 
These fugitive slaves began lecturing and telling their stories. Frederick Douglass, an
eloquent ex-slave from Maryland, denounced ideas of violent rebellions. He published
several books, Narrative and My Bondage and My Freedom, which shared his story and his
views on the importance of equality for blacks. The sharing of stories was common among
these new black leaders. By sharing a story, it gave the listeners a chance to relate to
occurrences in their lives (Notes, 11/27/00). These leaders would tell audiences their
experiences while in slavery and how they gained their freedom. Their stories were used
to give hope and inspiration to others. Through their experiences, they showed the evils
of slavery. 
The struggle for emancipation and equality was extremely difficult. All abolitionists
wanted an end to slavery, but often times only blacks wanted equality in society. The
different goals led to different methods of obtaining these goals. Some methods of black
abolitionists became much more radical and violent to end slavery. This was a direct
reaction to the racism of many white abolitionists. Even with different methods, the
outcome of the effort was freedom for the slaves and eventual equality for blacks.