FREE ESSAY ON PROXEMICS

PROXEMICS

Spacial Relations
Spacial relations is a complex subject that can be interpreted in many different ways. A
clear explanation of spatial relations is easily understood with the study of proxemics.
So what is proxemics? Well the term proxemics came from E.T. Hall, a researcher in 1963.
Proxemics is the study of the nature, degree, and effect of the spatial separation
individuals naturally maintain (as in various social and interpersonal situations) and of
how this separation relates to environmental and cultural factors. Proxemics is made up
of featured spaces: fixed space, semi-fixed, and informal.
Space around a person is set up into zones representing comfort and non-comfort. Fixed
spaces are areas that are unmovable such as buildings and offices. Many simple things can
change a comfortable zone in a fixed area such as color. The use of color can have a
major impact on our comfort level. Restaurants, for example, focus on peoples' comfort
level with how they paint their buildings. Fast food such as McDonalds or Taco Bell cause
people to rush in, eat fast, and leave without a nice place to sit down because of their
bright colors. Bright colors are disturbing to the customers and even the workers. Other
restaurants such as Ruby Tuesday's and Apple Bee's stick with a nice color scheme that is
both darker, mellow, and come off as a nice place to enjoy your food. Restaurants like
these have a higher employee turnover than fast food in the food service industry. 
Semi-fixed spaces serves as movable areas such as furniture. Office desks can be
organized to a persons' comfort zone. Chairs and desks are just physical barriers but can
be broken to protect personal space. As you might notice on a TV show or at a job
interview, two chairs are usually always on an angle and no more than 1 ? feet from the
main desk. This set up helps keep a balance of dominance. A person at a desk compared to
a person standing in front of him may feel less dominant and unequal. Other areas of an
office, such as lamps and filing cabinet are usually placed in the corners because small
areas, like corners, make a person feel enclosed and small. Rearranging of furniture in
an area helps keep balance over the persons' personal space and semi-fixed spaces.
Informal spaces is personal territory, and a big part of proxemics. Personal territory is
made up of four categories: public, social, personal, and intimate. All of these spaces
range differently in amount of space. For instance public spaces ranges from 12-25 feet.
Social space ranges from 4-10 feet. Personal space ranges from 2-4 feet and intimate
space ranges out to one foot and is used mostly while touching.
Personal space, most commonly used, can vary both culturally and ethnically. In Saudi
Arabia, their social space is equal to our intimate space. If we were to back away from a
person, we would be known as rude. In the Netherlands, their social space is equal to our
personal space. Anglos communicate with each other, usually maintaining a distance of 36
to 48 inches, while Hispanic tend to stand closer to each other at about l 8 inches.
Anglos draw away during a conversation because they seem uncomfortable when they are too
close to a conversation partner. The most widespread symbol of informal spaces across the
world is a hand shake. For example, a handshake in Spain is usually a double grip, but to
a German, it would cause confusion. Equally an even more stronger shake by a German would
cause a Spaniard to get the idea of being "over-friendly." 
Individuals perceive a distance that they feel is appropriate for different type of
messages and personal interaction. A violation of such space can cause serious effects on
communication. A result of violation of personal space is social anxiety.
Social anxiety is the third largest psychological problem in the United States today.
Social anxiety is the fear of social situations that involve interaction with others.
Someone with social anxiety, for example, would feel uncomfortable with someone standing
to close or thinking everyone is looking at them, and feeling self conscience. A person
feeling this way relates back to personal space, and what is ok and not ok to pursue.
Humans are like animals. They make their ownership and territory and defend it against
others. While at work, many employees may feel invaded if someone stands behind them.
They feel uncomfortable and on the defense to protect their area. Also, while riding in
an elevator or subway, people have the tendency to keep themselves, or their territory
held in. This reflex reaction can decrease defense of a person. Police attack a suspects
personal space to get their guard down. An officer has psychological advantage because
invading the suspects personal space by sitting to close, or standing right over them
causes them to have a decrease in their defense and often confess because of invasion of
their space. 
Personal space also varies with females and males. From childhood, males and females are
taught communicative behaviors that are acceptable for boys but may be considered
completely inappropriate for girls. Their communication behaviors deal with their spacial
issues. Males need more space than women. That is why men are often hesitant to get close
such as cuddling. The time of day is also a factor. Males need more space in the morning
as opposed to women who need less. The reason men need more space is because most men
suffer from situational anxiety. Certain situations cause them to freeze up or back off.
A woman likes less space while something is bothering her and men like to be alone. Some
bridges and barriers men face are trust and caring. Through trust, one learns how to cope
with problems and resolve frustrations. Caring is often categorized by commitment. And
the word commitment usually scares away men.
Spatial relations, proxemics, and personal territories are all intertwined together to
form a similar explanation of communication between people. The simplest forms of social
activity can become uncomfortable situations because of invasion or social, public,
personal, and intimate territory. People constantly evolve from their environment,
relationships, and areas. Wherever a person is placed, they establish a feature space and
respond to protect it. The study of proxemics shows that people are more on a defense
then offense. We need to take care of each other and realize what space area is right for
a certain person, and how we can keep ourselves from invading it. Learning about each
others spaces will enhance communication and our lifestyles.
Bibliography
Bibliography
▸Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster Dictionary Collegiate Dictionary Incorporated,
2001 
▸Body Language, http://members.aol.com/katydidit/symblism.html
▸Burger, Henry., Ethno-Pedagogy: Cross Cultural Teaching Techniques. Albuquerque:
Educational Cooperative, 1968.
▸Pruit, Richard A., Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, MA, 2000
▸Arliss, Laurie P., Gender Communication Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1991.