FREE ESSAY ON WORLD WAR 2

WORLD WAR 2

WORLD WAR II When war broke out, there was no way the world could possibly know the
severity of this guerre. Fortunately one country saw and understood that Germany and its
allies would have to be stopped. America's Involvement in World War two not only
contributed in the eventual downfall of the insane Adolph Hitler and his Third Reich, but
also came at the precise time and moment. Had the United States entered the war any
earlier the consequences might have been worse. Over the years it has been an often
heated and debated issue on whether the United States could have entered the war sooner
and thus have saved many lives. To try to understand this we must look both at the
people's and government's point of view. Just after war broke out in Europe, President
Roosevelt hurriedly called his cabinet and military advisors together. There it was
agreed that the united states stay neutral in these affairs. One of the reasons given was
that unless America was directly threatened they had no reason to be involved. This
reason was a valid one because it was the American policy to stay neutral in any affairs
not having to with them unless American soil was threatened directly. Thus the
provisional neutrality act passed the senate by seventy-nine votes to two in 1935. On
August 31, Roosevelt signed it into law. In 1936 the law was renewed, and in 1937 a
"comprehensive and permanent" neutrality act was passed (Overy 259). The desire to avoid
"foreign entanglements" of all kinds had been an American foreign policy for more than a
century. A very real "geographical Isolation" permitted the United States to "fill up the
empty lands of North America free from the threat of foreign conflict"(Churchill 563).
Even if Roosevelt had wanted to do more in this European crisis (which he did not), there
was a factor too often ignored by critics of American policy-American military weakness.
When asked to evaluate how many troops were available if and when the United States would
get involved, the army could only gather a mere one hundred thousand, when the French,
Russian and Japanese armies numbered in millions. Its weapons dated from the First World
War and were no match compared to the new artillery that Germany and its allies had.
"American soldiers were more at home with the horse than with the tank" The air force was
just as bad if not worse. In September 1939 the Air Corps had only 800 combat aircraft
again compared with Germany's 3600 and Russia's 10,000. American military Aviation (AMA)
in 1938 was able to produce only 1,800, 300 less than Germany, and 1,400 less than Japan.
Major Eisenhower, who was later Supreme commander of the Allied forces in the second
World War, complained that America was left with "only a shell of military establishment"
(Chapman 234). As was evident to Roosevelt the United States military was in no way
prepared to enter this European crisis. Another aspect that we have to consider is the
people's views and thought's regarding the United States going to war. After all let us
not forget that the American government is there "for the people and by the people" and
therefore the people's view did play a major role in this declaration of Neutrality. In
one of Roosevelt's fireside chats he said "We shun political commitments which might
entangle us In foreign wars...If we face the choice of profits or peace-this nation must
answer, the nation will answer 'we choose peace' ", in which they did. A poll taken in
1939 revealed that ninety-four per cent of the citizens did not want the United States to
enter the war. The shock of World War one had still not left, and entering a new war,
they felt, would be foolish. In the early stages of the war American Ambassador to London
was quoted saying "It's the end of the world, the end of everything" ( Overy 261). As
Richard Overy notes in The Road to War, this growing "estrangement" from Europe was not
mere selfishness. They were the values expressed by secretary of state, Cordel Hull: "a
primary interest in peace with justice, in economic well-being with stability, and
conditions of order under the law". These were principles here on which most Americans
(ninety-four percent as of 1939) agreed. To promote these principles the United States
would have to avoid all "foreign entanglements", or as Overy puts it "any kind of
alliance or association outside the Western Hemisphere". Instead the United States should
act as an arbiter in world affairs, "encouraging peaceful change where necessary" and
most and for all discouraging aggression (Overy 263). Why risk going to war, when it is
contrary to American policy which most if not all Americans were in agreement with and
not mentioning the fact that the American military was in shambles. Yet another factor
that led to this decision of Neutrality by President Roosevelt was the American Economy.
The health of the American economy could not be jeopardized, whatever was happening
elsewhere. It was Roosevelt's view that the United States would fare well (economically
speaking) whether Europe went to war or not. "Gold was flowing in from Europe's capitals;
orders were mounting daily for equipment and supplies of all kinds; America was building
a battleship for Stalin, aero-engines for France" (Overy 277). For most of the 1930's the
United States traded as openly with Germany and Japan, as it did with any other country.
Japan relied on fuel oil and scrap iron until 1941. Germany was one of the United States'
"most important markets" during the 1930's. American investments in Germany increased by
forty per cent between 1936 and 1940 ( Wilson 291). America was steadily regaining the
prosperity that had diminished during World War 1. The real concern of American business
was not "the rights or wrongs of trading with fascism" but the fear that commercial
rivals such as Japan and Germany would exclude American goods from Europe and Asia
altogether (273). It is very easy to point and accuse the united states of being selfish,
but one has to understand that any negative actions made would have resulted in the
United States being almost if not completely out of the economic race. Would the United
States have been as prosperous as it is today had they intervened any earlier? They
probably would have not because at that time in history America needed a boost to return
to its earlier status of being economically stable which Germany and its allies so
adequately provided. Therefore President Roosevelt was not about to go to war with all
axis powers thereby jeopardizing not only the safety of the American people but also the
American economy which was so essential to a large and complex country that the United
States was at the time. Unless American interests were directly threatened, Roosevelt
hesitated to "push the button" ( Churchill 542). On December 6, 1941 the Japanese
Airforce led a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, completely eradicating the port. Finally
President Roosevelt could wait no longer. America was now involved and not going to war
would only endanger the United States more than it already was. On the following day
Roosevelt argued that the attack "had given us an opportunity". Congress approved the
declaration of war with only one dissenting voice. Eleanor Roosevelt noted that the
effect of the Japanese attack was "to release my husband from months and pent-up tension
and anxiety". Andrew Wheatcroft says in his book The Road To War, " It is tempting to see
Pearl Harbor as the crisis that Roosevelt was waiting for and did nothing to prevent".
America's most vital interest, defense of American soil, had been challenged. At last
America had to go to war and eventually bring an end to the rule of nazi Germany. The
Americans upon declaring its Neutrality, gave additional encouragement to Japan and
Germany to in a way "take over the world", and to Nazify it. Hitler had convinced himself
that America had declined in the 1930's because of social crisis. This misconception also
led Japan to confront the United States in 1941. Had the United States entered the war
any earlier or later the consequences could have been much worse (If possible). Towards
the end of the war Walter Lippmann, A reporter for the Herald Tribune recalled his
experience: "When I attempt to compare the America in which I was reared with the America
of today, I am struck by how unconcerned I was as a young man with the hard questions
which are the subject matter of history. I did not think about the security of the
republic and how to defend it" . Franklin Delano Roosevelt did think about the security
of the republic and defended it magnificently. Leading the United States every step of
the way President Roosevelt did a superior job in bringing America into war when he did.
Evidently America entered World War 2 at the precise time and moment to once and for all
take, down Adolph Hitler and the third Reich